Exploring the scientific discoveries, research evidence and ongoing advancements in induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) science and its potential.
Cellular Reprogramming
Mature cells can be reprogrammed to a pluripotent state.
Pluripotency
The capacity to form specialised cell types from the three germ layers.
Differentiation
The development of specialised cells under controlled conditions.
Research Evidence
Insights from laboratory studies, preclinical research and clinical studies.
A SCIENTIFIC MILESTONE
THE DISCOVERY OF INDUCED PLURIPOTENT STEM CELLS
The development of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) by reprogramming mature cells marked a major milestone in modern science.
2006
Mouse iPS cells
Yamanaka and colleagues generated the first iPS cells from mouse somatic cells.
2007
Human iPS cells
Human iPS cells were successfully generated from adult somatic cells.
2012
Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
Awarded to John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka for discoveries concerning mature cells and pluripotency.
This scientific history is presented for educational purposes only and does not imply endorsement of Swiss Stem Cell™ or iPSC 3.0 by the Nobel Prize, its committee, or the laureates.
HOW iPSCs ARE GENERATED
From a skin cell to pluripotency.
DEFINED FACTORS. · CELLULAR REPROGRAMMING. · PLURIPOTENCY. · THREE GERM LAYERS.
01
Skin Cell
A skin cell (dermal fibroblast) is a mature cell from the body.
02
Reprogramming
OCT3/4SOX2KLF4c-MYC
Introduction of defined factors (OCT3/4, SOX2, KLF4, c-MYC) reprograms the skin cell to a pluripotent state.
03
iPSC
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) with the ability to self-renew and differentiate.
04
Pluripotency
Capable of developing into cell types from the three germ layers.
05
Three Germ Layers
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm
Give rise to diverse specialised cell types during development.
READING THE EVIDENCE
Different types of research contribute to our understanding.
Laboratory Research
Studies examine cellular mechanisms, reprogramming efficiency and differentiation potential.
Preclinical Research
Animal and in vitro models explore biological functions and potential applications.
Clinical Studies
Human studies require appropriate oversight and study-specific interpretation.
